減壓閥、安全閥、穩壓閥、泄壓閥都屬于壓力閥門，主要是功能上的區別。

　　Pressure reducing valves, safety valves, pressure stabilizing valves, and pressure relief valves all belong to pressure valves, and the main difference lies in their functions.

　　減壓閥是將壓力高的介質降為壓力低的介質的設備，該閥的特點，是在進口壓力不斷變化的情況下，保持出口聽壓力和溫度值在一定的范圍內。

　　A pressure reducing valve is a device that reduces high-pressure media to low-pressure media. The characteristic of this valve is to maintain the outlet pressure and temperature values within a certain range while the inlet pressure is constantly changing.

　　安全閥用以防止鍋爐、壓力容器等設備或管道因超壓而發生損壞的閥門。當壓力略高于正常工作壓力時，安全閥自動開啟，使壓力下降。當壓力略低于正常工作壓力時，安全閥自動關閉，停止排放流體并保持密封。

　　A safety valve is a valve used to prevent damage to equipment or pipelines such as boilers and pressure vessels due to overpressure. When the pressure is slightly higher than the normal working pressure, the safety valve automatically opens, causing the pressure to decrease. When the pressure is slightly lower than the normal working pressure, the safety valve automatically closes, stops discharging fluid, and maintains sealing.

　　泄壓閥主要是用在壓力過大的場合，當壓力大于設定值時閥內片被頂開及時釋放壓力，壓力減小后恢復到原來的位置，和安全閥區別不大，泄壓閥多指用于液體的，安全閥多指用于氣體，蒸汽的。

　　Pressure relief valves are mainly used in situations where the pressure is too high. When the pressure exceeds the set value, the inner plate of the valve is pushed open to release the pressure in a timely manner. After the pressure decreases, it returns to its original position. It is not much different from safety valves. Pressure relief valves are mostly used for liquids, while safety valves are mostly used for gases and vapors.

　　穩壓閥是將一個區域內的介質保持在一定的壓力范圍的設備。和減壓閥的區別：減壓閥：無論進口壓力如何變化，都把出口壓力減到額定值，起到減壓作用。穩壓閥：無論下游壓力和需求量如何變化，都維持一個恒定的上游壓力。

　　A pressure regulator valve is a device that maintains the medium within a certain pressure range in an area. Difference from pressure reducing valve: Pressure reducing valve: Regardless of changes in inlet pressure, it reduces the outlet pressure to the rated value, playing a role in reducing pressure. Pressure regulator valve: maintains a constant upstream pressure regardless of changes in downstream pressure and demand.

　　安全閥及減壓閥是兩種閥門類型，是專用閥門。其中，安全閥屬于安全泄發裝置，是專用閥門，只在工作壓力超過允許范圍時動作，對系統起到保護作用。減壓閥屬于工藝閥門，可使高壓物流減壓，以滿足后系統對壓力的要求，其工作過程是連續的。

　　Safety valves and pressure reducing valves are two types of valves that are specialized valves. Among them, the safety valve belongs to the safety relief device and is a specialized valve that only operates when the working pressure exceeds the allowable range, providing protection to the system. Pressure reducing valves are process valves that can reduce the pressure of high-pressure logistics to meet the pressure requirements of the downstream system. Their working process is continuous.

　　減壓閥設計標準表

　　Design Standard Table for Pressure Reducing Valve

　　標準代號標準名稱JIS B3372-1982壓縮空氣用減壓閥JIS B8410-1990水道用減壓閥GB/T 10868-1989電站減溫減壓閥技術條件GB/T 12244-1989減壓閥一般條件GB/T 12245-1989減壓閥西能試驗方法GT/T 12246-1989先導式減壓閥GB/T 3656-1994水減壓閥GB/T 3656-1994船用空氣減壓閥ASTM F1370-1992船用給水系統減壓閥JB/T 53265-1994先導式減壓閥產品質量分等AWWA C511-1992減壓防回流閥門組件

　　Standard code standard name JIS B3372-1982 Pressure reducing valves for compressed air JIS B8410-1990 Pressure reducing valves for waterways GB/T 10868-1989 Technical conditions for power plant temperature and pressure reducing valves GB/T 12244-1989 General conditions for pressure reducing valves GB/T 12245-1989 Pressure reducing valves Western energy test method GT/T 12246-1989 Pilot operated pressure reducing valves GB/T 3656-1994 Water pressure reducing valves GB/T 3656-1994 Marine air pressure reducing valves ASTM F1370-1992 Marine water supply system pressure reducing valves JB/T 53265-1994 Pilot operated pressure reducing valves Product quality grading AWWA C511-1992 Pressure reducing and anti backflow valve components

　　減壓閥工作原理

　　Working principle of pressure reducing valve

　　序號名稱工作原理

　　Number Name Working Principle

　　1直接作用薄膜式減壓閥出口側壓力增加，薄膜向上運動，閥開度減小，流速增加，壓降則該拿大，閥后壓力減小，出口側壓下降。薄膜向下運動，閥開度增大，流速減小，壓降減少，閥后壓增大。閥后的出口壓力始終保持由整定調節螺釘整定的恒壓。

　　When the pressure on the outlet side of the direct action membrane pressure reducing valve increases, the membrane moves upward, the valve opening decreases, the flow rate increases, and the pressure drop should be increased. The pressure behind the valve decreases, and the pressure on the outlet side decreases. The film moves downwards, the valve opening increases, the flow rate decreases, the pressure drop decreases, and the pressure behind the valve increases. The outlet pressure behind the valve is always maintained at a constant pressure set by the adjusting screw.

　　2直接作用波紋管式減壓閥出口側壓力增加，波紋管向上運動，閥開度減小，流速增加，壓降則該拿大，閥后壓力減小，出口側壓下降。波紋管向下運動，閥開度增大，流速減小，壓降減少，閥后壓增大。閥后的出口壓力始終保持由整定調節螺釘整定的恒壓。

　　When the pressure on the outlet side of the bellows pressure reducing valve increases, the bellows moves upward, the valve opening decreases, the flow rate increases, and the pressure drop should be increased. The pressure behind the valve decreases, and the pressure on the outlet side decreases. The bellows moves downwards, the valve opening increases, the flow rate decreases, the pressure drop decreases, and the pressure behind the valve increases. The outlet pressure behind the valve is always maintained at a constant pressure set by the adjusting screw.

　　3先導活塞式減壓閥擰動調節螺釘，頂開導閥閥瓣，介質從進口側進入活塞上方，由于活塞面積大于主閥瓣面積，推動活塞向下移動，使主閥打開，有閥后壓力平衡調節彈簧的壓力改變導閥的開度，從而改變活塞上方的壓力，控制主閥瓣的開度，使閥后的壓力保持恒定。

　　The 3-pilot piston type pressure reducing valve rotates the adjusting screw, opens the valve disc, and the medium enters the upper part of the piston from the inlet side. Due to the piston area being larger than the main valve disc area, the piston is pushed downwards to open the main valve. The pressure of the pressure balance adjusting spring behind the valve changes the opening of the pilot valve, thereby changing the pressure above the piston and controlling the opening of the main valve disc to maintain a constant pressure behind the valve.

　　4先導薄膜式減壓閥工作原理同上。薄膜上腔的壓力由旁路調節閥控制。

　　The working principle of the 4-position diaphragm pressure reducing valve is the same as above. The pressure in the upper chamber of the membrane is controlled by a bypass regulating valve.

　　5先導薄膜式減壓閥當調節彈簧處于自由狀態時，主閥和導閥都是關閉的。順時針轉動手輪時，導閥膜片向下頂開導閥，介質經過導閥流至主膜片上方，從而推動主閥，使主閥開啟，介質流向出口，同時進入導閥膜片的下方，出口壓力上升至與所調彈簧力保持平衡。如出口壓力增高，導閥膜片則向上移動，導閥開度減小。同時進入主膜片下方介質流量減小，壓力下降，出口壓力降低達到新的平衡，反之亦然。

　　When the regulating spring is in a free state, both the main valve and the pilot valve are closed. When the handwheel is turned clockwise, the pilot valve diaphragm pushes downwards to open the pilot valve, and the medium flows through the pilot valve to above the main diaphragm, thereby pushing the main valve to open. The medium flows towards the outlet and enters below the pilot valve diaphragm, and the outlet pressure rises to maintain balance with the adjusted spring force. If the outlet pressure increases, the pilot valve diaphragm moves upward and the pilot valve opening decreases. At the same time, the flow rate of the medium entering below the main diaphragm decreases, the pressure drops, and the outlet pressure drops to reach a new equilibrium, and vice versa.

　　6組合式減壓閥減壓閥由主閥，導閥、截止閥組成。當調節彈簧處于自由狀態時，主閥和導閥呈關閉狀態。擰動調節螺釘，由介質推開導閥，同時進入主閥橡膠薄膜腔室與調節彈簧的壓力保持平衡，進入主閥橡膠薄膜腔室，使橡膠膜片向上，主閥打開，介質流向出口（此時截止閥打開，保持腔室一定的壓力），出口介質再反饋至橡膠薄膜上方腔室和導閥下方腔室。當出口壓力增高時，導閥的膜片上移，導閥開度減少，使腔室的介質壓力下降，同時腔室壓力下降，主閥橡膠薄膜下移，主閥的開度減小，出口壓力下降，達到新的平衡；反之亦然。

　　The combined pressure reducing valve consists of a main valve, a pilot valve, and a globe valve. When the regulating spring is in a free state, the main valve and the pilot valve are in a closed state. Turn the adjusting screw to push the pilot valve open by the medium, while entering the rubber film chamber of the main valve to maintain balance with the pressure of the adjusting spring. Enter the rubber film chamber of the main valve, make the rubber film upward, open the main valve, and the medium flows towards the outlet (at this time, the shut-off valve opens to maintain a certain pressure in the chamber). The outlet medium is then fed back to the chamber above the rubber film and the chamber below the pilot valve. When the outlet pressure increases, the diaphragm of the pilot valve moves upward, the opening of the pilot valve decreases, causing the medium pressure in the chamber to decrease. At the same time, the chamber pressure decreases, and the rubber diaphragm of the main valve moves downward, causing the opening of the main valve to decrease and the outlet pressure to decrease, reaching a new equilibrium; Vice versa.

　　7杠桿式減壓閥這時通過杠桿上的重錘平衡壓力的減壓閥。其動作原理：當杠桿處于自由狀態時，雙閥座的閥瓣和閥座處于關閉狀態。在進口壓力作用下，向上推開閥瓣，出口端形成壓力，通過杠桿上的平衡重錘，調整重要傳達到所需出口壓力。當出口壓力超過給定壓力時，由于介質壓力作用于上閥座上的力比作用于下閥座上的力大，形成一定壓差，使閥瓣向下移動，減小節流面積，出口壓力亦隨之下降，達到新的平衡；反之亦然。

　　A 7-lever pressure reducing valve is a pressure reducing valve that balances pressure through a heavy hammer on the lever. Its operating principle: When the lever is in a free state, the double seat valve disc and seat are in a closed state. Under the influence of import pressure, the valve disc is pushed upwards to create pressure at the outlet end, which is adjusted to the desired outlet pressure through the balance weight on the lever. When the outlet pressure exceeds the given pressure, due to the greater force of the medium pressure acting on the upper valve seat than on the lower valve seat, a certain pressure difference is formed, causing the valve disc to move downward, reducing the throttling area, and the outlet pressure also decreases, reaching a new equilibrium; Vice versa.

　　8先導波紋管式減壓閥結構原理同先導活塞式減壓閥。

　　The structural principle of the 8-pilot bellows pressure reducing valve is the same as that of the pilot piston pressure reducing valve.