Vacuum bellows stop valve with linear valve stem is widely used in vacuum valves. Gate valves are subject to greater restrictions, but for large diameters, ball valves, plunger valves and butterfly valves are also available. Common connection mode of vacuum valve 1. Flange connection is the most used connection mode in valves. According to the shape of the separation surface, it can be divided into the following types:

1)潤(rùn)滑式：用于壓力不高的閥門。加工比擬便當(dāng)2)凹凸式：工作壓力較高，可運(yùn)用中硬墊圈3)榫槽式：可用塑性變形較大的墊圈，在腐蝕性介質(zhì)中運(yùn)用較普遍，密封效果較好。4)梯形槽式：用橢圓形金屬環(huán)作墊圈，運(yùn)用于工作壓力≥64公斤/平方厘米的閥門，或高溫閥門。5)透鏡式：墊圈是透鏡外形，用金屬制造。用于工作壓力≥100公斤/平方厘米的高壓閥門，或高溫閥門。6)O形圈式：這是一種較新的法蘭銜接方式，它是隨著各種橡膠O形圈的呈現(xiàn)，而開(kāi)展起來(lái)的，它在密封效果上比普通平墊圈牢靠。2、螺紋銜接這是一種煩瑣的銜接辦法，常用于小閥門。又分兩種狀況：

1) Lubricating type: used for valves with low pressure. Processing is convenient. 2) concave convex type: with high working pressure, medium hard washers can be used. 3) tenon groove type: washers with large plastic deformation can be used. They are widely used in corrosive media, and the sealing effect is good. 4) Trapezoidal groove type: oval metal ring is used as gasket, which is applied to valves with working pressure ≥ 64 kg / cm2, or high temperature valves. 5) Lens type: the washer is a lens shape, made of metal. It is used for high-pressure valves with working pressure ≥ 100 kg / cm2, or high-temperature valves. 6) O-ring type: This is a relatively new flange connection method. It is developed with the appearance of various rubber O-rings. It is more reliable in sealing effect than ordinary flat washers. 2. Thread connection this is a cumbersome connection method, which is often used in small valves. There are two situations:

1)直接密封：內(nèi)外螺紋直接起密封作用。為了確保銜接處不漏，常常用鉛油、線麻和聚四氟乙烯生料帶填充;其中聚四氟乙烯生料帶，運(yùn)用日見(jiàn)普遍;這種資料耐腐蝕性能很好，密封效果極佳，運(yùn)用和保管便當(dāng)，拆卸時(shí)，能夠完好地將其取下，由于它是一層無(wú)粘性的薄膜，比鉛油、線麻優(yōu)越得多。2)間接密封：螺紋旋緊的力氣，傳送給兩平面間的墊圈，讓墊圈起密封作用。3、卡套銜接卡套銜接，在我國(guó)近年才開(kāi)展起來(lái)，它的銜接和密封原理是，當(dāng)旋緊螺母時(shí)，卡套遭到壓力，使其刃部咬入管子外壁，卡套外錐面又在壓力下與接頭體內(nèi)錐面密合，因此可以牢靠地避免走漏。

1) Direct sealing: internal and external threads directly play a sealing role. In order to ensure no leakage at the joint, lead oil, twine and PTFE raw material belt are often used for filling; Among them, PTFE raw material belt is widely used; This kind of material has good corrosion resistance, excellent sealing effect, easy to use and keep. When disassembling, it can be removed intact. Because it is a layer of non sticky film, it is much superior to lead oil and twine. 2) Indirect sealing: the force of thread tightening is transmitted to the gasket between the two planes, so that the gasket plays a sealing role. 3. Ferrule connection ferrule connection has only been carried out in China in recent years. Its connection and sealing principle is that when the nut is tightened, the ferrule is under pressure, so that its blade bites into the outer wall of the pipe, and the outer cone of the ferrule is closely connected with the cone of the joint body under pressure, so leakage can be reliably avoided.

這種銜接方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：1)體積小，重量輕，構(gòu)造簡(jiǎn)單，拆裝容易;2)銜接力強(qiáng)，運(yùn)用范圍廣，可耐高壓(1000公斤/平方厘米)、高溫(650℃)和沖擊振動(dòng);3)能夠選用多種資料，合適防腐蝕;4)加工精度請(qǐng)求不高;5)便于高空裝置。目前，卡套銜接方式，已在我國(guó)某些小口徑閥門產(chǎn)品中采用。4、卡箍銜接這是一種快速銜接辦法，它只需兩個(gè)螺栓，適用于經(jīng)常拆卸的低壓閥門。

The advantages of this connection method are: 1) small size, light weight, simple structure, easy disassembly; 2) It has strong cohesion and wide application range, and can withstand high pressure (1000 kg / cm2), high temperature (650 ℃) and impact vibration; 3) Able to select a variety of materials, suitable for corrosion prevention; 4) The machining accuracy is not high; 5) Convenient for high-altitude installation. At present, the ferrule connection method has been adopted in some small-diameter valve products in China. 4. Clamp connection this is a quick connection method, which only needs two bolts, and is suitable for low-pressure valves that are often disassembled.

5、內(nèi)自緊銜接以上各種銜接方式，都是應(yīng)用外力來(lái)抵消介質(zhì)壓力，完成密封的。內(nèi)自緊銜接應(yīng)用介質(zhì)壓力停止自緊的銜接方式。

5. Internal self tightening connection the above connection methods all use external force to offset the medium pressure and complete the sealing. The internal self tightening connection applies the medium pressure to stop the self tightening connection.

它的密封圈裝在內(nèi)錐體處，跟介質(zhì)相向的一面成一定角度，介質(zhì)壓力傳給內(nèi)錐體，又傳送給密封圈，在一定角度的錐面上，產(chǎn)生兩個(gè)分力，一個(gè)與閥體線平行向外，另一個(gè)壓向閥體內(nèi)壁。后面這個(gè)分力便是自緊力。介質(zhì)壓力愈大，自緊力也愈大。所以這種銜接方式，合適于高壓閥門。它比法蘭銜接，要儉省許多資料和人力，但也需求一定的預(yù)緊力，以便在閥內(nèi)壓力不高時(shí)，運(yùn)用牢靠。應(yīng)用自嚴(yán)密封原理做成的閥門，普通是高壓閥門。閥門銜接的方式還很多，例如有的不用撤除的小閥門，跟管子焊接在一同;有的非金屬閥門，采用承插式銜接等，要依據(jù)詳細(xì)狀況詳細(xì)看待。

Its sealing ring is installed at the inner cone at a certain angle with the side opposite to the medium. The medium pressure is transmitted to the inner cone and then to the sealing ring. On the cone at a certain angle, two components are generated, one is parallel to the centerline of the valve body outward, and the other is pressed towards the inner wall of the valve body. The latter component is self tightening force. The greater the medium pressure, the greater the self tightening force. Therefore, this connection method is suitable for high-pressure valves. Compared with flange connection, it saves a lot of data and manpower, but it also requires a certain preload, so that it can be used reliably when the pressure in the valve is not high. Valves made of self sealing principle are generally high-pressure valves. There are many ways to connect valves. For example, some small valves that do not need to be removed are welded with pipes; Some non-metallic valves adopt socket connection, etc., which should be treated in detail according to the detailed situation.

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