1、 Direction and position

許多閥門具有方向性，例如截止閥、節(jié)流閥、減壓閥、止回閥等，如果裝倒裝反，就會(huì)影響使用效果與壽命（如節(jié)流閥），或者根本不起作用（如減壓閥），甚至造成危險(xiǎn)（如止回閥）。一般閥門，在閥體上有方向標(biāo)志；萬一沒有，應(yīng)根據(jù)閥門工作原理，正確識(shí)別。截止閥的閥腔左右不對(duì)稱，流體要讓其由下而上通過閥口，這樣流體阻力小（由形狀所決定），開啟省力（因介質(zhì)壓力向上），關(guān)閉后介質(zhì)不壓填料，便于檢修，這就是截止閥為什么不可安反的道理。其它閥門也有各自的特性。

Many valves are directional, such as stop valve, throttle valve, pressure reducing valve, check valve, etc. If they are installed upside down, the service effect and life (such as throttle valve) will be affected, or they will not work at all (such as pressure reducing valve), or even cause danger (such as check valve). For general valves, there is a direction sign on the valve body; If not, it shall be correctly identified according to the working principle of the valve. The valve chamber of the stop valve is asymmetric from left to right. The fluid should pass through the valve port from bottom to top. In this way, the fluid resistance is small (determined by the shape), and the opening is labor-saving (because the medium pressure is upward). After closing, the medium does not press the packing, which is convenient for maintenance. This is why the stop valve cannot be reversed. Other valves also have their own characteristics.

閥門安裝位置，方便于操作：即使安裝暫時(shí)困難些，也要為操作人員的長期工作著想。較好閥門手輪與胸口取齊（一般離操作地坪1.2米），這樣，開閉閥門比較省勁。落地閥門手輪要朝上，不要傾斜，以免操作別扭。靠墻機(jī)靠設(shè)備的閥門，也要留出操作人員站立余地。要避免仰天操作，尤其是酸堿、有毒介質(zhì)等，否則很不安全。 閘門不要倒裝（即手輪向下），否則會(huì)使介質(zhì)長期留存在閥蓋空間，容易腐蝕閥桿，而且為某些工藝要求所禁忌。同時(shí)更換填料不方便。 明桿閘閥，不要安裝在地下，否則由于潮濕而腐蝕外露的閥桿。 升降式止回閥，安裝時(shí)要保證其閥瓣垂直，以便升降靈活。 旋啟式止回閥，安裝時(shí)要保證其銷軸水平，以便旋啟靈活。 減壓閥要直立安裝在水平管道上，各個(gè)方向都不要傾斜。

The installation position of the valve is convenient for operation: even if the installation is temporarily difficult, the long-term work of the operator should also be considered. It is better to align the valve handwheel with the chest (generally 1.2m away from the operating floor), so that it is easier to open and close the valve. The hand wheel of the landing valve shall be upward and not inclined to avoid awkward operation. The valve of the wall machine and the equipment shall also leave room for operators to stand. It is not safe to operate in the sky, especially with acid, alkali and toxic media. The gate shall not be installed upside down (that is, the hand wheel is downward), or the medium will remain in the bonnet space for a long time, which is easy to corrode the valve stem and is contraindicated by some process requirements. It is inconvenient to replace the packing at the same time. The rising stem gate valve shall not be installed underground, or the exposed valve stem will be corroded due to moisture. The lift check valve shall be installed with its disc vertical to facilitate flexible lifting. When installing the swing check valve, ensure that its pin shaft is horizontal so that it can swing flexibly. The pressure reducing valve shall be vertically installed on the horizontal pipeline, and shall not tilt in any direction.

二、 施工作業(yè)

2、 Construction operation

安裝施工小心，切忌撞擊脆性材料制作的閥門。

Be careful during installation and construction. Do not hit the valve made of brittle materials.

安裝前，應(yīng)將閥門作一檢查，核對(duì)規(guī)格型號(hào)，鑒定有無損壞，尤其對(duì)于閥桿。還要轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)幾下，看是否歪斜，因?yàn)檫\(yùn)輸過程中，較易撞歪閥桿。還要清除閥內(nèi)的雜物。

Before installation, check the valve, check the specification and model, and identify whether there is damage, especially for the valve stem. Turn it a few times to see if it is skewed, because it is easy to bump the valve stem during transportation. Also remove the sundries in the valve.

閥門起吊時(shí)，繩子不要系在手輪或閥桿上，以免損壞這些部件，應(yīng)該系在法蘭上。

When lifting the valve, the rope should not be tied to the handwheel or valve stem to avoid damaging these parts. It should be tied to the flange.

對(duì)于閥門所連接的管路，一定要清掃干凈。可用壓縮空氣吹去氧化鐵屑、泥砂、焊渣和其他雜物。這些雜物，不但容易擦傷閥門的密封面，其中大顆粒雜物（如焊渣），還能堵死小閥門，使其失效。 安裝螺口閥門時(shí)，應(yīng)將密封填料（線麻加鋁油或聚四氟乙烯生料帶），包在管子螺紋上，不要弄到閥門里，以免閥內(nèi)存積，影響介質(zhì)流通。

The pipeline connected to the valve must be cleaned. Compressed air can be used to blow away iron oxide chips, mud sand, welding slag and other sundries. These sundries not only easily scratch the sealing surface of the valve, but also block the small valve to make it invalid. When installing the screw valve, the sealing packing (hemp and aluminum oil or PTFE raw material tape) should be wrapped on the pipe thread, and should not get into the valve, so as to avoid the accumulation in the valve and affect the medium flow.

安裝法蘭閥門時(shí)，要注意對(duì)稱均勻地把緊螺栓。閥門法蘭與管子法蘭平行，間隙合理，以免閥門產(chǎn)生過大壓力，甚至開裂。對(duì)于脆性材料和強(qiáng)度不高的閥門，尤其要注意。須與管子焊接的閥門，應(yīng)先點(diǎn)焊，再將關(guān)閉件全開，然后焊死。

When installing the flange valve, tighten the bolts symmetrically and evenly. The valve flange is parallel to the pipe flange, and the clearance is reasonable to prevent the valve from generating excessive pressure or even cracking. Special attention shall be paid to valves with brittle materials and low strength. For valves that must be welded with pipes, spot welding shall be carried out first, then the closing parts shall be fully opened, and then welded.

三、保護(hù)措施

3、 Protective measures

有些閥門還須有外部保護(hù)，這就是保溫和保冷。保溫層內(nèi)有時(shí)還要加拌熱蒸汽管線。什么樣的閥門應(yīng)該保溫或保冷，要根據(jù)生產(chǎn)要求而定。

Some valves must also have external protection, which is thermal insulation and cold insulation. Sometimes, hot steam pipelines are added in the insulation layer. What kind of valve should be insulated or cold insulated depends on the production requirements.

原則地說，凡閥內(nèi)介質(zhì)降低溫度過多，會(huì)影響生產(chǎn)效率或凍壞閥門，就需要保溫，甚至拌熱；凡閥門裸露，對(duì)生產(chǎn)不利或引起結(jié)霜等不良現(xiàn)象時(shí)，就需要保冷。保溫材料有石棉，礦渣棉、玻璃棉、珍珠巖，硅藻土、蛭石等；保冷材料有軟木、珍珠巖、泡沫、塑料等。

In principle, if the medium inside the valve lowers the temperature too much, which will affect the production efficiency or freeze the valve, it is necessary to keep it warm, or even heat it; Cold insulation is required when the valve is exposed, which is unfavorable to production or causes frost and other undesirable phenomena. Thermal insulation materials include asbestos, slag wool, glass wool, perlite, diatomite, vermiculite, etc; Cold insulation materials include cork, perlite, foam, plastic, etc.

四、旁路和儀表

4、 Bypass and instrument

有的閥門，除了必要的保護(hù)設(shè)施外，還要有旁路和儀表。安裝了旁路。便于疏水閥檢修。其他閥門，也有安裝旁路的。是否安裝旁路，要看閥門狀況，重要性和生產(chǎn)上的要求而定。

Some valves, in addition to the necessary protection facilities, also have bypass and instruments. Bypass is installed. It is convenient for maintenance of drain valve. Other valves are also installed with bypass. Whether to install bypass depends on the valve condition, importance and production requirements.

五、填料更換

5、 Packing replacement

庫存閥門，有的填料已不好使，有的與使用介質(zhì)不符，這就需要換填料。

For valves in stock, some packings are not working well, and some are inconsistent with the medium used, which requires replacement of packings.

閥門制作廠無法考慮使用單位千門萬類的不同介質(zhì)，填料函內(nèi)總是裝填普通盤根，但使用時(shí)，讓填料于介質(zhì)相適應(yīng)。

The valve manufacturer cannot consider using thousands of different media. The stuffing box is always filled with ordinary packing, but the packing should be suitable for the media.

在更換填料時(shí)，要一圈一圈地壓入。每圈接縫以45度為宜，圈與圈接開180度。填料高度要考慮壓蓋繼續(xù)壓緊的余地，現(xiàn)時(shí)又要讓壓蓋下部壓填料室適當(dāng)深度，此深度一般可為填料室總深度的10-20%。 對(duì)于要求高的閥門，接縫角度為30度。圈與圈之間接縫錯(cuò)開120度。 除上述填料之外，還可根據(jù)具體情況，采用橡膠O形環(huán)（天然橡膠耐60攝氏度以下弱堿，丁晴橡膠耐80攝氏度以下油晶，氟橡膠耐150攝氏度以下多種腐蝕介質(zhì)）三件疊式聚四氟乙烯圈（耐200攝氏度以下強(qiáng)腐蝕介質(zhì)）尼龍碗狀圈（耐120攝氏度一下氨、堿）等成形填料。在普通石棉盤根外面，包一層聚四氟乙烯生料帶，能提高密封效果，減輕閥桿的電化學(xué)腐蝕。

When replacing the packing, press it in circle by circle. The joint of each circle should be 45 degrees, and the circles should be 180 degrees apart. For the height of the packing, it is necessary to consider the space for the continued compression of the gland. At present, it is necessary to let the lower part of the gland press the packing chamber to a proper depth, which can generally be 10-20% of the total depth of the packing chamber. For valves with high requirements, the joint angle is 30 degrees. The joints between circles shall be staggered by 120 degrees. In addition to the above fillers, rubber O-ring (natural rubber resistant to weak alkali below 60 ° C, NBR resistant to oil crystal below 80 ° C, fluororubber resistant to multiple corrosive media below 150 ° C), three piece stacked PTFE ring (resistant to strong corrosive media below 200 ° C), nylon bowl ring (resistant to ammonia and alkali below 120 ° C) and other shaped fillers can also be used according to specific conditions. Wrap a layer of PTFE raw material belt outside the ordinary asbestos packing to improve the sealing effect and reduce the electrochemical corrosion of the valve rod.

在壓緊調(diào)料時(shí)，要同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)閥桿，以保持四周均勻，并防止太死，擰緊壓蓋要用力均勻，不可傾斜。

When pressing the seasoning, the valve rod shall be rotated at the same time to keep the circumference uniform and prevent death. The gland shall be tightened with even force without tilting.